LUKS is not broken. An old KDF option in LUKS for encrypting the master encryption key in a keyslot is just old and less safe than newer, better KDF options.

See also https://anarchistburecross.noblogs.org/post/2023/04/27/chiffrement-du-disque-dur-linux-mettez-a-niveau-votre-fonction-de-derivation-de-cle-luks/