I have bazzite running on an HP EliteDesk 705 G5 mini PC with a 3400G in it that I got used from eBay for pretty cheap, a little over $100. It handles 1440p 120Hz, it’s max output resolution at 120Hz, and 4k 60Hz just fine with steam remote play from my desktop on LAN. It also does up to GameCube emulation really well if you’re into that kind of thing. I’d really only consider upgrading from this if I wanted 4K 120Hz in the future, or if HDR becomes worth it, but the 1440p 120Hz experience is great.

Nice, another good option. Hope you have luck debugging your machine!

Another option is if the machine has a serial port that might be dumping useful info as it boots. A serial to USB cable is really cheap and you can read it with PuTTY.

If you don’t want to deal with the used market (which might be necessary to get super cheap) the Intel Arc a310 cards have HDMI/Display Port and are slot powered so no PCIe power needed. They’re also sought after for their quite good video transcoding performance so reselling it after you’re done would be pretty easy.